低浓度甲醛促进K562细胞增殖的分子机制探究

低浓度甲醛(Formaldehyde,FA)可以促进细胞增殖.本实验选用K562细胞为实验对象,用不同浓度的甲醛溶液处理细胞,探究其中可能存在的分子机制.测定细胞活力及胞内氧化损伤程度后,发现当甲醛浓度为75μmol·L~(-1)时,细胞增殖率上升(p0.05或p0.01),Warburg效应中的丙酮酸激酶M2型同工酶(PKM2)、葡萄糖转运蛋白1(GLUT1)、乳酸脱氢酶A(LDHA)、葡萄糖和乳酸含量上升(p0.05);此外,细胞周期调控因子Cyclin D-cdk4与转录因子E2F1含量也上升(p0.05).同时,细胞内氧化损伤加强,其中活性氧簇(reactive oxygen species,ROS)含量上升(p0.01),还原型谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)下降(p0.05).然而,在加入抗氧化剂VE后,氧化损伤程度减弱,细胞增殖率降低,PKM2、GLUT1、LDHA、葡萄糖、乳酸,Cyclin D-cdk4、E2F1含量均下降.结果表明低浓度甲醛可能通过氧化应激诱导Warburg效应和影响细胞周期调控因子两条途径促进细胞的增殖.     

基于不同强度等级混凝土的动力学特性研究

基于TAW-2000D电液伺服岩石三轴仪和直径75 mm的霍普金森压杆试验装置,得到了C25,C35和C45混凝土在静、动载荷作用下的应力-应变曲线,探讨了混凝土强度等级、动态峰值强度、峰值应变和应变率之间的变化规律。结果表明:混凝土准静态应力-应变曲线和动态应力-应变曲线在形态上存在明显差异,动态应力-应变曲线的峰值点随应变率的增大向右上方移动,线弹性阶段各曲线斜率变化不明显;动态峰值应力、动态弹性模量和峰值应变均存在不同程度的率相关性,并且混凝土材料的应变率敏感性随其强度等级的提高而增强;混凝土C45的各力学指标对应变率的敏感性最强,C35次之,C25的应变率敏感性最弱;推导了应变率与强度等级和冲击速率之间的经验公式,三者之间存在非线性变化规律。     

基于复配改性木质素磺酸铵的环保型木质材料的生命周期评价

利用改性木质素制备的木质材料其生产过程对生态环境有重要的影响.为探讨该环保型木质材料的可行性,利用Ga Bi 6.0软件,对基于复配改性木质素磺酸铵的环保型木质材料(HMIL/WF)进行生命周期评价,比较分析生命周期各生产环节的非生物资源耗竭、酸化效应、富营养化、全球变暖潜值、臭氧层破坏潜能以及光化学臭氧生成潜力等主要环境影响类型.结果表明:在HMIL/WF材料生命周期的3个子系统中,纤维制造子系统对各环境影响贡献值最大,此次是产品成型子系统,后期加工子系统对环境影响最小.全球变暖潜值是HMIL/WF材料环境影响的主要类型,占总环境影响值的73.09%,环境影响大小依次为全球变暖潜值、酸化效应、光化学臭氧生成潜力、富营养化、非生物资源耗竭和臭氧层破坏潜能.热能消耗的环境影响最为严重,占HMIL/WF材料生命周期总环境影响的44.77%.各生产环节的环境影响大小顺序依次为热能消耗、电能消耗、H_2O_2生产、木质素磺酸铵(AL)制备和运输阶段.热能消耗环节的全球变暖潜值、酸化效应、光化学臭氧生成潜力、富营养化和非生物资源耗竭的影响值为HMIL/WF材料生产各环节的最高值;运输阶段产生了最高的臭氧层破坏潜能.与传统中密度纤维板的生命周期环境影响潜值总值(4.71×10~(-9))相比,HMIL/WF材料的环境影响总值(4.22×10~(-9))减少了10.4%.     

设计配置对生物滞留设施污染物去除性能的影响研究

生物滞留是一种常用的低影响开发技术,通过不同机理去除径流中的各种污染物。设施面积、消能池设置、表面覆盖物的合理设计可降低外界的不利影响;内部斜坡与多元结构可优化设施性能,介质层的改良填料和较长深度可提高污染物的去除效率;配置适宜植物可提高环境耐受能力与污染物去除效果,引入多样植物可提高设施生物多样性,有利于发挥动植物相互作用,提高设施的稳定性与整体性能。     

Ecological and Economic Services Provided by Birds on Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee Farms

Abstract: Coffee farms can support significant biodiversity, yet intensification of farming practices is degrading agricultural habitats and compromising ecosystem services such as biological pest control. The coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) is the world's primary coffee pest. Researchers have demonstrated that birds reduce insect abundance on coffee farms but have not documented avian control of the berry borer or quantified avian benefits to crop yield or farm income. We conducted a bird‐exclosure experiment on coffee farms in the Blue Mountains, Jamaica, to measure avian pest control of berry borers, identify potential predator species, associate predator abundance and borer reductions with vegetation complexity, and quantify resulting increases in coffee yield. Coffee plants excluded from foraging birds had significantly higher borer infestation, more borer broods, and greater berry damage than control plants. We identified 17 potential predator species (73% were wintering Neotropical migrants), and 3 primary species composed 67% of migrant detections. Average relative bird abundance and diversity and relative resident predator abundance increased with greater shade‐tree cover. Although migrant predators overall did not respond to vegetation complexity variables, the 3 primary species increased with proximity to noncoffee habitat patches. Lower infestation on control plants was correlated with higher total bird abundance, but not with predator abundance or vegetation complexity. Infestation of fruit was 1–14% lower on control plants, resulting in a greater quantity of saleable fruits that had a market value of US$44–$105/ha in 2005/2006. Landscape heterogeneity in this region may allow mobile predators to provide pest control broadly, despite localized farming intensities. These results provide the first evidence that birds control coffee berry borers and thus increase coffee yield and farm income, a potentially important conservation incentive for producers.     

PPS滤料在SO2气体作用下的耐腐蚀性研究

采用气体实验法对PPS滤料在SO2气体中腐蚀失效的过程进行了研究.通过实验前后PPS滤料的机械特性、微观特征和化学结构的分析,认为PPS对SO2气体具有良好的耐腐蚀性.但是,随着SO2气体温度的升高,时间的延长及气体体积比提高,PPS 针刺毡滤料的性能有所下降,尤其是高温能加快腐蚀效果.为了延长使用寿命,应使其工作参数在限定的范围内: 在SO2体积比高于700 mL/m3时,应对烟气进行预处理使其体积比低于实验值,或者使烟气的温度控制在170 ℃以下; 如果烟气中SO2体积比超过预定值,烟气温度又高于170 ℃,则PPS针刺毡滤料连续使用时间应不超过96 h.     

Design training and aesthetic evaluation: An intergroup comparison

A number of studies have observed differences in the evaluation of visual, aesthetic stimuli between those with and without professional training in art and design. If exposure to design training underlies such differences it follows that evidence of training effects should be observable when comparing subjects at different stages of design training, and not observable when comparing subjects at different stages of non-design training. In addition, this evidence should be consistent with directional predictions. The study reported in this paper investigated this question using a sample of 192 trained and untrained subjects in an evaluative task. Subjects were from two departments (Design and Computer Studies) of the same educational establishment and comprised balanced groups of lecturers, 1st, 2nd and 3rd year undergraduate students. The results obtained demonstrated evaluative differences and patterns of association both within and between the subject groups consistent with a training hypothesis.